How Palm Oil Production Causes Deforestation — FunWritings

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How Palm Oil Production Causes Deforestation — FunWritings

Pearl Harbor Memorial Parade December 7th Waikiki Hawaii

WELCOME TO THE OFFICIAL HOME OF THE NATIONAL

PEARL HARBOR MEMORIAL PARADE

2021 – COMMEMORATING THE

80TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE ATTACK ON PEARL HARBOR

December 7, 1941, was a day that would live in infamy and thrust the United States of America into the second World War. Now 80 years later, Americans and people from all over the world gather to pay tribute to those whose service and sacrifice preserved freedom and liberty at home and abroad. During this five year WWII commemoration period, the Pearl Harbor Memorial Parade will commemorate the 80th anniversary of the attack on Pearl Harbor. This will be an important reminder of that fateful day, while providing hope that from conflict and the devastation of war, peace and friendship can occur. The Annual Pearl Harbor Memorial Parade will also feature an 80th Anniversary of Pearl Harbor Massed Band and Choir in our official opening ceremony. 

The theme of the Pearl Harbor Memorial Parade is “remembering our past while celebrating that once bitter enemies can become friends and allies.”  The purpose of the parade is to honor and pay respect to the Pearl Harbor survivors, our veterans, active duty military and their families.  The parade takes place each year in Hawaii on December 7th – the anniversary of the Pearl Harbor attack. 

Source: Pearl Harbor Memorial Parade December 7th Waikiki Hawaii

Pearl Harbor Memorial Parade

Hawaii Aviation | December 7, 1941

ATTACK!

Now over Kahuku Point, Commander Fuchida fired his flare pistol and propelled a “black dragon” into the sky.  His position as aerial commander was made clear by the distinctive red and yellow strip around his plane’s tail.  This was the order to attack. As pre-arranged, at this signal the 183 planes of the first wave broke formation. Dive bombers headed upward for the 12,000 foot mark, horizontal bombers to 3,500 and torpedo bombers plunged to sea level then into mountain passes to avoid detection as they headed for Honolulu military targets.  A second flare confused the attackers, who nonetheless formed a cloud of fire power on a deadly mission.

The second wave had taken off 45 minutes after the leading element.  Consisting of 50 horizontal bombers, 80 dive bombers and 40 fighters, they varied course on signal and made for their targets.

1941 photo of Hickam FieldAt 7:55 a.m. the first Japanese planes were seen southeast of Hickam Field, fighters soon joined by 28 bombers.  They made three separate attacks in a savage 10-minute assault on the flight line, shops and buildings.  Seven fighters later strafed aircraft taxiing on the field for defense after a lull of 15 minutes, then pounded the base a third time at 9 a.m.  In all, Hickam suffered 42 planes totally destroyed and many more damaged extensively.

Marine Air Group 21 at Ewa, located adjacent to Pearl Harbor, was hit. Situated there, also wing-tip to wing-tip per instructions, were 11 Grumman F4F Wildcat fighters (the newest of USMC fighter planes), 32 Scout dive bombers and six utility planes.  Breaking the sabbatical calm, the approaching roar of strange airplanes, enticed the Officer of the Day away from his breakfast.  He stepped out to see hordes of airplanes in the sky.  Looking at his watch, he read 7:55 a.m.  As the craft drew closer he made the planes out to be Japanese and sprinted toward the guard house to sound the alarm. They came in low over the mountains, skimming smoothly past Barber’s Point and, at 7:57, swooped down on the base with blazing armaments.  There was no chance, and now no need, for sounding the alarm. Flying as low as 20 feet from the ground, 21 “Zekes” spewed armor piercing shells into the airplanes on the flight line.  Pass after pass was made, during the 30-minute attack.  Marines rushed out and valiantly began firing at the warplanes with the red-insignias, armed only with rifles and pistols.  Destroyed were nine Wildcats, 18 Scouts and all but one utility plane.  A second wave of “Zekes” was followed by “Vals” which had joined the first group about 15 minutes after the attack began, concentrating on buildings, installations, hospital tents and personnel. The third attack was by 15 “Zekes.”  But this time, Marines had put into action some spare machine guns.  Joining them were ground crewmen manning rear-cockpit guns in some of the riddled dive-bombers.  They shot down one fighter plane, and damaged several others.  Four Marines were killed, 33 of their planes devastated and 16 left too badly damaged to fly.

Aerial view of the 1st bomb drop on Pearl HarborAt one minute after 8, Pearl Harbor and Ford Island were overrun by attacking planes.  Japanese bombers destroyed 33 of the 70 planes on Ford Island.  Seconds later, dive bombers and torpedo planes struck at warships in the harbor on a sustained basis.  Within 30 minutes, torpedo planes made four attacks, dive bombers eight; and after a 15-minute lull, another half hour of vicious bombing and torpedo attacks was started, finally ending at 9:45 a.m.  Most of the attacking planes approached Pearl Harbor from the south.  Some came from the north over the Koolau Range, where they had been hidden en route by large cumulus clouds. The Pacific Fleet’s in-place 94 vessels were pummeled.  Most heavily hit was the battleship force. Within a short span of time, all seven battleships had been hit at least once…

Source: Hawaii Aviation | December 7, 1941

Honolulu Star-Bulletin, front page, December 7, 1941 | U.S. Capitol Visitor Center

On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked the United States Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, killing thousands and destroying U.S. military ships and planes. Congress declared war against Japan the following day. At the end of the war, after seven military and presidential investigations had identified different reasons for the lack of U.S. preparedness at Pearl Harbor, Congress created a joint committee to review possible lapses in intelligence. Its findings led Congress to pass the National Security Act of 1947 to modernize national security agencies and coordinate military readiness. Source: Honolulu Star-Bulletin, front page, December 7, 1941 | U.S. Capitol Visitor Center

Today in History – December 7 | Library of Congress

Air Raid On Pearl Harbor

On December 7, 1941, Japanese planes attacked the United States Naval Base at Pearl Harbor External, Hawaii Territory, killing more than 2,300 Americans. The U.S.S. Arizona was completely destroyed and the U.S.S. Oklahoma capsized. A total of twelve ships sank or were beached in the attack and nine additional vessels were damaged. More than 160 aircraft were destroyed and more than 150 others damaged.

A hurried dispatch from the ranking United States naval officer in Pearl Harbor, Admiral Husband Edward Kimmel, Commander in Chief of the United States Pacific Fleet, to all major navy commands and fleet units provided the first official word of the attack at the ill-prepared Pearl Harbor base. It said simply: AIR RAID ON PEARL HARBOR X THIS IS NOT DRILL.

naval-dispatch
Naval Dispatch from the Commander in Chief Pacific (CINCPAC) announcing the Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941. (John J. Ballentine Papers). Manuscript Division

The following day, in an address to a joint session of Congress, President Franklin Roosevelt called December 7, 1941 “a date which will live in infamy.” Congress then declared War on Japan, abandoning the nation’s isolationism policy and ushering the United States into World War II. Within days, Japan’s allies, Germany and Italy, declared war on the United States, and the country began a rapid transition to a wartime economy by building up armaments in support of military campaigns in the Pacific, North Africa, and Europe.

Source: Today in History – December 7 | Library of Congress

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