Nipah is a zoonotic virus (transmitted from animals to humans) but can also be transmitted through contaminated food or directly between people.
During the first recognised outbreak in Malaysia, which also affected Singapore, most human infections resulted from direct contact with sick pigs or their contaminated tissues. Transmission is believed to have occurred via unprotected exposure to secretions from the pigs, or unprotected contact with the tissue of a sick animal.
Source: 4th Nipah outbreak in Kerala since 2018: Origin of virus & why it strikes southern state so often




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