
The German parliament has made it compulsory for politicians to wear masks, as cases of coronavirus accelerate in the capital. Four districts in Berlin are now classified as high-risk zones.
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The German parliament has made it compulsory for politicians to wear masks, as cases of coronavirus accelerate in the capital. Four districts in Berlin are now classified as high-risk zones.
There has been talk out thar in the wildlands we call Twitter that people can’t find evidence that the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) – also known as ‘the COVID virus’ – is real. Has it ever been isolated in cell culture, visualised by electron microscopy, reacted with antibodies, genetically sequence and otherwise characterised in many samples collected from people with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) all over the world in during the past nine months? Sigh, yes, the ‘COVID virus’ is real. Here are a few of the scientific endeavours that show this virus has been isolated from clinically diagnosed, ill and laboratory-confirmed human COVID-19 cases.
This illustration, created at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), reveals ultrastructural morphology exhibited by coronaviruses. Note the spikes that adorn the outer surface of the virus, which impart the look of a corona surrounding the virion, when viewed electron microscopically. A novel coronavirus, named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was identified as the cause of an outbreak of respiratory illness first detected in Wuhan, China in 2019. The illness caused by this virus has been named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Peng Zhou and colleagues from the Wuhan Institute of Virology grew a novel coronavirus (later to be called SARS-CoV-2) in cell culture (isolated) from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid collected from an ill and RT-PCR-positive female patient (ICU-06 in Spike tree=WIV04/2019 virus).
Extended Table 2. The samples from ICU-06 had some of the highest viral loads (estimated from the low threshold cycle values [CT]) among the patients tested.
The virus was called nCoV-2019 BetaCoV/Wuhan/WIV04/2019 and grew in Vero E6 and Huh7 cells. Virus-induced cellular changes (cytopathic effect or CPE) were observed.
Vero E6 cells are shown at 24 h after infection with (a) mock virus) or (b) SARS-CoV-2.Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was used to identify the unique genetic sequence of the cultured virus and a specific real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-rPCR) designed to allow screening of more sensitive and rapid screening of more samples. The RT-rPCR was tested against human endemic CoVs (229E, OC43, HKU1) as well as MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV and others, and was found to be highly specific for SARS-CoV-2.

The authors also saw viral particles. Electron microscopy (EM) was used to visualise virus in cultured Vero E6 cells after they had been inoculated with the patent sample.
Viral particles shown in ultrathin cut sections of prepared virus-positive Vero E6 cell cultures, using electron microscopy at 200 kV. The inset shows the viral particles in an intra-cytosolic vacuole, likley on their way to thw surface and out of the infected cell.[1]They also showed that the antibodies from five infected people could neutralise (=prevent) infection of Vero E6 after incubated dilutions of patient sera with a cultured virus preparation and added to cultures of uninfected cells. An antibody made in horses against the original SARS-CoV could also neutralise the virus however serum from two healthy people in Wuhan could not.
Jeong-Min Kim and colleagues from South Korea inoculated RT-rPCR-positive patient nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal samples onto Vero cells. After most inoculated (but not mock-inoculated) cells were showing CPE, they were harvested and tested using the two RT-rPCRs (Corman et al. RdRp and E; these detect viruses in the genus Sarbecovirus). RT-rPCR testing found an increase in viral RNA which the team estimated at 10-70-fold.
The study also examined three-day post-inoculation cells using EM. They found virus-like particles in vesicles within the infected cells.
To confirm that the virus was indeed SARS-CoV-2, the authors conducted WGS, naming the SARS-CoV-2 variant they’d isolated, BetaCoV/Korea/KCDC03/2020
This is a method for culturing SARS-CoV-2 from patients samples. It doesn’t delve into virus characterisation though. Nonetheless, the image below shows CPE on a monolayer (=single cell layer) of African green monkey kidney Vero C1008, clone E6 cells (ATCC®-CRL-1586).
An example of a SARS-CoV-2-infected monolayer culture of Vero E6 cells demonstrating focal CPE. Source: Dr. Alyssa Pyke, Public Health Virology Laboratory, Forensic and Scientific Services, Queensland. 08FEB2020
Leon Caly and a crew from Australia isolated the virus from an ill traveller from Wuhan. The virus was detected using an in-house (designed by this team) RT-rPCR. The nasopharyngeal swab was used to inoculate the Vero/SLAM cell line.

Growth was seen both by the CPE induced and the use of that specific RT-rPCR to show an increase in the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA (decrease in CT)

Cell-free liquid from infected cultures (called supernatant) and cells from the cultures were each examined using EM, finding particles with characteristic coronavirus morphology (=shape) and the same particles inside vesicles within the cells.

To further characterise the amplified agent, WGS identified the genome and names this virus BetaCoV/Australia/VIC/01/2020.
Below is a brief list of some major feel-good SARS-CoV-2 discovery announcements that came to us through the mainstream media or University websites.
The impact of growing SARS-CoV-2 on a culture of susceptible cells.
Individual SARS-CoV-2 virus particles. These images are made public by the US Centers for Disease Control ND prevention via their Public Health Image Library (PHIL). A fantastic resource for virus images. The exact details of how the viruses were prepared aren’t present, nor the ways in which SARS-CoV-2 was confirmed. that may be a problem for you. However, I’m sure they were prepared and confirmed using the exact same methods as those listed above.
Transmission electron microscopic image of an isolate from the first U.S. case of COVID-19, formerly known as 2019-nCoV (SARS-CoV-2). The spherical viral particles, colourized blue, contain cross-sections through the viral genome, seen as black dots.
Electron microscopic image of a negatively stained particle of SARS-CoV-2, causative agent of COVID-19. Note the prominent spikes from which the coronavirus gets its name for “corona”, or “crown-like”.
http://phil.cdc.gov/Details.aspx?pid=23640
Thin section electron microscopic image of SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19. Spherical virus particles contain black dots, which are cross-sections through the viral nucleocapsid. In the cytoplasm of the infected cell, clusters of particles are found within the membrane-bound cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi area.
https://phil.cdc.gov/Details.aspx?pid=23640
Electron microscopic image of a negatively stained particle of SARS-CoV-2, causative agent of COVID-19. Note the prominent spikes from which the coronavirus gets its name for “corona”, or “crown-like”.
Source: https://phil.cdc.gov/Details.aspx?pid=23641
Transmission electron microscopic image of an isolate from the first U.S. case of COVID-19, formerly known as 2019-nCoV. The spherical extracellular viral particles contain cross-sections through the viral genome, seen as black dots.
Source: https://phil.cdc.gov/Details.aspx?pid=23336
I know there will be comments below (I’ll make sure to publish some of the less offensive ones
) to the extent that ‘I don’t care what y’all say, I ain’t seen no evidence, make it empirical, abide by the Koch’…or something.
And that’s all well and good.
There is evidence and some of the most significant parts of it are listed above.
It convinces me. If it doesn’t convince you, there is nothing more I can do except ask what it would take to convince you and in the meantime assure you that you are wrong on this one. Yes, the ‘COVID virus’ is real.
Hits: 13
The post Sigh, yes, the ‘COVID virus’ is real appeared first on Virology Down Under.

The White House is blocking new FDA guidelines that would likely have prevented the approval of a vaccine before next month’s election, US media reported. Ireland has introduced new restrictions as cases tick up.
Mia Mungin — a registered nurse — had lobbied to get the best care possible for her sister, who had underlying medical conditions like asthma and hypertension.
The teacher was turned away from an emergency room twice after developing fever, before she was finally admitted to Brookdale Hospital on March 20.
Source: Beloved Brooklyn teacher loses battle with COVID-19, sister says
Argentina hit 809,728 confirmed cases on Monday, with a seven-day rolling average of around 12,500 new daily infections.

Argentina hit 809,728 confirmed cases on Monday, with a seven-day rolling average of around 12,500 new daily infections.
Thirteen workers at a Minneapolis steakhouse were quarantining after the restaurant catered a private fundraiser attended by President Donald Trump during his visit to Minnesota last week, the restaurant said Monday.
The food workers are employed by Murray’s Restaurant in downtown Minneapolis, which catered the fundraiser on Wednesday at the Lake Minnetonka home of Marty Davis, CEO of the quartz countertop manufacturer Cambria. About 40 contributors paid $200,000 a couple or $100,000 per person for the chance to meet the president and hear him speak.
Source: Restaurant staffers in quarantine after working Trump fundraiser – CBS News

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said on Monday that COVID-19 can spread beyond six feet through the air.

The ballots in Pennsylvania? The ones in Wisconsin? The ballots in New York or Virginia? Officials say none was fraud.
Source: Using tech to meet food pantry needs in Philly’s Northeast – Generocity Philly
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